Sanskrit Transliteration

Vowel signs

Although normally, vowel signs are attached to a consonant, there are cases where you may want to input a vowel sign independent of a consonant. If you are transcribing in Devanāgarī script, this can be achieved by typing ऽ + zero-width joiner (U+200D) + the vowel sign.This can also be done in other scripts by using the corresponding avagraha character, e.g., 𑇁 in Śāradā, ഽ in Malayālam, etc.

`ऽ + zero-width joiner (U+200D) + ा`	→	ऽ‍ा
`ঽ + zero-width joiner (U+200D) + ৈ`	→	ঐ

When you are transcribing in Roman transliteration, and wish to indicate that a vowel sign has been added or deleted, you can use the following pattern:

		Roman	Devanāgarī
`<subst>k<del>i</del><add>ā</add></subst>`	→	kiā	इकआ
		Roman	Malayālam
`<subst>k<del>e</del><add>a</add></subst>`	→	kea	എക

You can further specify the place of addition with the @place. For example:

<subst>k<del>e</del><add place="above">ā</add></subst>

Devanāgarī

A number of Jain symbols can be inserted by means of the g tag. The Jaina oṃkāra sign is already included in Unicode, while the bhale symbols are part of a proposal and are here included provisionally.

		Devanāgarī
`<g ref="#jain_omkara"/>`	→	ꣽ
`<g ref="#headmark"/>`	→	𑬀
`<g ref="#headmark_with_headstroke"/>`	→	𑬁
`<g ref="#bhale"/>`	→	𑬂
`<g ref="#bhale_hook"/>`	→	𑬃
`<g ref="#bhale_five"/>`	→	𑬆
`<g ref="#bhale_nine"/>`	→	𑬇
`<g ref="#bhale_nine_reversed"/>`	→	𑬈
`<g ref="#mindu"/>`	→	𑬉

Newa (Nepālākṣara)

A number of symbols, found in older and newer Nepalese manuscripts, are available via the g tag. They are included in Unicode, with the exception of the "old"-style gap filler, which is here rendered as a font variant for the gap filler character.

		Newa
`<g ref="#newa-siddhi"/>`	→	𑑊
`<g ref="#newa-gap-filler"/>`	→	𑑎
`<g ref="#newa-old-gap-filler"/>`	→	𑑎
`<g ref="#newa-abbreviation"/>`	→	𑑏

Śāradā

Two auspicious symbols, included in Unicode, are available via the g tag.

		Śāradā
`<g ref="#sarada-ekam"/>`	→	𑇚
`<g ref="#sarada-siddhi"/>`	→	𑇛