Sanskrit Transliteration
Vowel signs
Although normally, vowel signs are attached to a consonant, there are cases where you may want to input a vowel sign independent of a consonant. If you are transcribing in Devanāgarī script, this can be achieved by typing ऽ + zero-width joiner (U+200D) + the vowel sign.This can also be done in other scripts by using the corresponding avagraha character, e.g., 𑇁 in Śāradā, ഽ in Malayālam, etc.
ऽ + zero-width joiner (U+200D) + ा | → | ऽा |
ঽ + zero-width joiner (U+200D) + ৈ | → | ঐ |
When you are transcribing in Roman transliteration, and wish to indicate that a vowel sign has been added or deleted, you can use the following pattern:
| Roman | Devanāgarī | ||
|---|---|---|---|
<subst>k<del>i</del><add>ā</add></subst> | → | k | |
| Roman | Malayālam | ||
<subst>k<del>e</del><add>a</add></subst> | → | k |
You can further specify the place of addition with the @place. For example:
<subst>k<del>e</del><add place="above">ā</add></subst>Devanāgarī
A number of Jain symbols can be inserted by means of the g tag. The Jaina oṃkāra sign is already included in Unicode, while the bhale symbols are part of a proposal and are here included provisionally.
| Devanāgarī | ||
|---|---|---|
<g ref="#jain_omkara"/> | → | ꣽ |
<g ref="#headmark"/> | → | 𑬀 |
<g ref="#headmark_with_headstroke"/> | → | 𑬁 |
<g ref="#bhale"/> | → | 𑬂 |
<g ref="#bhale_hook"/> | → | 𑬃 |
<g ref="#bhale_five"/> | → | 𑬆 |
<g ref="#bhale_nine"/> | → | 𑬇 |
<g ref="#bhale_nine_reversed"/> | → | 𑬈 |
<g ref="#mindu"/> | → | 𑬉 |
Some additional symbols are also supported, either as Unicode characters or OpenType variants.
| Devanāgarī | ||
|---|---|---|
<g ref="#puspika"/> | → | ꣸ |
<g ref="#sirorekha"/> | → | ꣻ |
<g ref="#broken_danda"/> | → | । |
<g ref="#danda_with_slash"/> | → | । |
Newa (Nepālākṣara)
A number of symbols, found in older and newer Nepalese manuscripts, are available via the g tag. They are included in Unicode, with the exception of the "old"-style gap filler, which is here rendered as a font variant for the gap filler character.
| Newa | ||
|---|---|---|
<g ref="#newa-siddhi"/> | → | 𑑊 |
<g ref="#newa-gap-filler"/> | → | 𑑎 |
<g ref="#newa-old-gap-filler"/> | → | 𑑎 |
<g ref="#newa-abbreviation"/> | → | 𑑏 |
Śāradā
Two auspicious symbols, included in Unicode, are available via the g tag.
| Śāradā | ||
|---|---|---|
<g ref="#sarada-ekam"/> | → | 𑇚 |
<g ref="#sarada-siddhi"/> | → | 𑇛 |